He has led the development of 17 publications and three new projects as chairman of iec sc 77c since 1991. A nuclear detonation at 30 kilometers altitude will generate a hemp field with a radius on the ground of 600 kilometers, damaging all kinds of electronics, blackingout electric grids and collapsing other life. Jan 27, 2021 russia has superemp weapons specialized for hemp attack that potentially generate 100,000 voltsmeter or higher, greatly exceeding the u. Hemp is an emp detonated at high altitude to produce more widespread effects an emp, as opposed to a hemp, can cause more localized but still significant impacts. The e1 waveform is a fast nanosecond rise time, hundreds of nanoseconds duration, broadband pulse that disrupts systems in general, including longline electrical systems, computers, sensors, and electronicbased control systems. A commission to assess the threat to the united states from electromagnetic pulse emp attack was established pursuant to the national defense authorization act for. Emp refers to a very intense pulse of electromagnetic energy, typically caused by detonation of a nuclear or other highenergy explosive device.
Emp threat is more lethal to america than ever government. High altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp protection power filters mil std 188125 part 1 is a military document titled high altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp protection for groundbased c4i facilities performing critical, time urgent missions. Progress in highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp. The term electromagnetic pulse generally excludes optical infrared, visible, ultraviolet and ionizing such as xray and gamma radiation ranges. Features of high altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp. Omnithreat structures constructs shotcrete structures for multithreat protection from high altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp, intentional electromagnetic interference iemi, compromising emanations, terrorist ballisticblast attacks and extreme nat. Electromagnetic pulse emp protection and restoration. Given the interdependency among infrastructure sectors, a disruption to the electric grid could also result in potential cascading impacts on fuel. The handbook also includes planning, management, logistics, and data requirements for critical, timeurgent fixed, groundbased facilities. Highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp refers to the electromagnetic pulse that is created by the highaltitude detonation of a nuclear weapon. The emp threat to disable or destroy critical infrastructure systems with high altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp or intentional electromagnetic interference iemi. Such a pulse s origin may be a natural occurrence or humanmade and can occur as a radiated, electric, or magnetic field or a conducted electric current, depending on the source.
This part 1 of the4 document addresses hemp hardening for fixed facilities. E3 highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp eis council. This dissertation presents a methodology for integrating hemp impacts into power. High altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp powerworld. High altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp protection. An electromagnetic signal generated by a nuclear burst detonated high above the earth generally above the atmosphere. High altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp and high power.
Highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp created by the detonation of a nuclear weapon at highaltitude or in space e1. Jul 21, 2008 high altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp and high power microwave hpm devices. Generally, detonations at altitudes above 20km are considered highaltitude bursts and give rise to highaltitude emp, or hemp. An emp or hemp high altitude emp usually occurs in a broadband nature. High altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp protection power. A pulse generated from a nuclear explosion that is comprised of three phases e1, e2, and e3. As a result of its hemp nuclear tests, the soviet union, and today russia, probably knows a lot more about hemp effects than the united states. Jul 21, 2008 electromagnetic pulse emp is an instantaneous, intense energy field that can overload or disrupt at a distance numerous electrical systems and high technology microcircuits, which are especially. Hemp highaltitude electromagnetic pulse nerc north american electric reliability corporation nrc nuclear regulatory commission. Epri had available but chose not to use the hemp model and waveforms of the. Oak ridge national laboratory, onrl6709, ad 249577, may 4, 1992. Magnetohydrodynamic electromagnetic pulse assessment of. While you may not be able to prevent an emp event, you. Originally, military standard 188 milstd188 covered technical standards.
Altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp protection for groundbased c3i facilities performing critical, timeurgent missions. This family of products has been tested at keystone compliance, a dod certi. Hemp is the e ect caused by the detonation of a nuclear bomb in the upper atmosphere. The earlytime e1 highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp. Taken together, they are the two most likely threats that can completely devastate a modern society and transform it into a new dark ages. The threat of attack by a nuclear explosion triggering a highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp has become an actuality. While you may not be able to prevent an emp event, you can control the outcome. Department of energy electromagnetic pulse resilience. Congressional emp commission report of july 2017 which were derived from this realworld soviet data.
This paper presents analytical results of the high altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp e1 and e2 coupling to an antenna system. In military terminology, a nuclear warhead detonated tens to hundreds of miles above the earths surface is known as a highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp device. Jan 24, 20 since the publication of the last ieee transactions on electromagnetic compatibility special issue on nuclear electromagnetic pulse in 1978, significant progress has been made in the development of highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp standards. Milstd1881251 highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp. High altitude electromagnetic pulse and high power microwave. Power grid mitigation of magnetohydrodynamic electromagnetic pulse. Modeling bulk electric grid impacts from hemp e1 and e3. This describes the protection and testing required for these types of facilities. Strategies, protections, and mitigations for the electric. Hemp iemi threats specifics on how to protect critical. This report presents a framework to evaluate the impact of a high altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp event on a bulk electric power grid. A high altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp, caused by the detonation of a nuclear weapon well above the earth. The highaltitude detonation of a nuclear weapon can generate a large electromagnetic pulse referred to as a highaltitude emp or hemp that is comprised of three components. An electromagnetic pulse emp, also sometimes called a transient electromagnetic disturbance, is a short burst of electromagnetic energy.
Pdf high altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp and high power. Electromagnetic pulse emp september 2003 fact sheet 320090 division of environmental health office of radiation protection what is emp and how is it created. Metatech report metar320, the earlytime e1 highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp and its impact on the u. The co simulation of e1 and e3 is presented in detail, and the focus of the paper is on the framework rather than actual.
Hemp is the name for the effect that manifests itself on the ground due to radiated fields from emp that is generated. High altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp effects and. As mentioned in 8, the difference of potentials induced by hemp between the ends of a long conductor and current flowing in it does not depend on availability or lack of earthing on one of the ends as opposed to processes taking place upon lightning impact figure 5. One of the threats oe is concerned about is a highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp from a nuclear detonation.
Investigating countermeasures against highaltitude. Assessing the threat from electromagnetic pulse emp executive report 4 observations, analysis, and recommendations the commission to assess the threat to the united states from electromagnetic pulse emp attack was previously convened by the congress from 20012005 and from 20072008, and currently from 20162017. Applications and the evolution of emphemp filter technologies. High altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp and high power microwave hpm devices. Electromagnetic pulse threats to americas electric grid. In addition, he helped to coordinate all of the electromagnetic compatibility emc work of the iec as chairman of. A hemp is a high amplitude short duration, broadband pulse of electromagnetic energy. Emp waves are capable of damaging all electronic devices. Emp threats are one of the largest electromagnetic threats of this time.
High altitude electromagnetic pulse, hemp, electromagnetic compatibility, hemp simulator, hemp resilience tests i. Critical design issues in protecting against emp and hemp. Soviet hemp tests in the early 1960s were reported to have damaged power equipment russian military writings claim to have a super emp weapon that can generate 200 kvm congressional research service, clay wilson, high altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp and high power microwave hpm devices. Highaltitude electromagnetic pulse attacks hemp using nuclear weapons are of most concern because they may permanently damage or disable large sections of the national electric grid and other critical infrastructure control systems. This method is referred to as highaltitude emp hemp. Depending on weapon yield and height of burst the resulting emp can impact a large geographical area. No blast, thermal, fallout or effects other than hemp are experienced in the atmosphere and on the ground. Highaltitude nuclear testing at its novaya zemlya site would have exposed the russian cities of archangel and murmansk and electric grids on the kola peninsula to hemp effects. Magnetohydrodynamic electromagnetic pulse assessment of the. Electromagnetic pulse emp is an instantaneous, intense energy field that can overload or disrupt at a distance numerous electrical systems and high technology microcircuits, which are especially. Epri white paper provides background and an introduction to electromanetic pulse emp, high altitude emp hemp and intentional electromaagnetic interference iemi. Electromagnetic pulse hemp impacts on the grid thomas j. They have been designed to exceed the us military requirements for protection against a highaltitude nuclear detonation that results in an electromagnetic pulse.
The standards cover hemp environment definition, protection requirements, and test methods. Jan 27, 2021 the soviet union discovered the highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp phenomenon probably years before the united states. Highaltitude emp hemp occurs when a nuclear warhead is detonated hundreds of. This is the first in a series of epri papers and reports to address the impacts and mitigration stratgies. Electromagnetic pulse emp protection and resilience. Electromagnetic pulse emp refers to a very intense pulse of electromagnetic energy, deliberately caused by the detonation of a highenergy explosive device nuclear or nonnuclear or generated by a high energy radio frequency herf or directed energy weapon dew. A commission to assess the threat to the united states from electromagnetic pulse emp attack was established pursuant to the national defense authorization act for fiscal year fy 2001. Dhs emp protection level 1 generally uses manual procedures to. United states government accountability office february. Threat to the united states from electromagnetic pulse attack, july 22, 2004. Milstd188125a highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp. Effects from commercial electric power systems by p.
The antenna system was modeled with the exibility to support parametric trades. A large scale emp effect can be produced by a single nuclear explosion detonated high in the atmosphere. Department of ece, university of new mexico, albuquerque, nm. Pdf high altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp and high. This military standard is approved for use by all departments and agencies of the department of defense dod. The most important mechanism for electromagnetic pulse emp production from a nuclear detonation is the ionization of air molecules by gamma rays generated from the explosion. Background a commission to assess the threat from high altitude electromagnetic pulse was established by congress in fy2001 after several experts expressed concern that the u. High altitude electromagnetic pulse hemp protection for. The russian federations military doctrine, plans, and. Highaltitude electromagnetic pulse hemp, emergency action messaging eam, eam, hemp, mobile support teams mst, mst, nuclear command, control and communication nc3 systems, nc3, wing command posts wcp, wcp. Emp shield is a family of incredibly robust emp, solar.
The e1 pulse is an extremely fast and brief component of a nuclear emp. An electromagnetic pulse emp can be generated by a high altitude nuclear explosion hemp and a geomagnetic storm gms is induced by a coronal mass ejections cmes on the sun. Impact of emp hemp e1 pulse fast component 20550 nsec pulse electromagnetic shockwave travels at the speed of light peak value up to 50,000 voltsmeter. Coupling analyses of the high altitude electromagnetic pulse. Risetime evolution in hemp highaltitude electromagnetic. Threat assessments background a commission to assess the threat from high altitude electromagnetic pulse emp commission was established by congress in fy2001 after several experts expressed concern that the u. Such a pulses origin may be a natural occurrence or humanmade and can occur as a radiated, electric, or magnetic field or a conducted electric current, depending on the source emp interference is generally disruptive or damaging to electronic equipment. Air force research laboratory, kirtland afb, nm 87117.
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